Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic disorders due to complete or relative lack of insulin. The pancreas is the only organ weighing 70–100 g, located in the abdominal cavity in the arch of the duodenum. It plays an important role in the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also produces insulin, which regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates in the body. In the article we will talk about what nutrition in diabetes mellitusShould be
type of diabetes
Due to the course and course of the disease, doctors differentiate into several types of diabetes:
- type I diabetes, insulin dependent;
- Type II diabetes usually occurs later in life, especially in obese patients.
Type I diabetes is usually the result of damage to the pancreas. That is, primary damage to beta cells (which produce insulin in the pancreas) and a complete decrease in insulin secretion.
The initial symptoms of type I diabetes are intense thirst and hunger, unexplained weight loss, frequent urination in large amounts, blurred vision, fatigue, chronic infection. In some cases, convulsions, confusion, sluggish speech, accompanied by convulsionsThere is loss of consciousness. Type I diabetes mellitus is considered an immunological disease.
Type II diabetes is more common in obese people. The disease can be congenital or acquired and is characterized by a decrease in insulin secretion by the pancreas as well as insulin resistance. This means that the right amount of insulin in the body also functions. Not able to complete.
The disease is accompanied by excessive thirst and profuse urination, gradually increasing blood sugar levels. The patient feels weak and sleepy. The disease often starts in middle-aged people and the elderly. Over the years, the number of young patients with type II diabetes has increased dramatically. And there is a large number of children and adolescents with this condition who are overweight and obese.
hyperglycemia what is it
Hyperglycemia - blood sugar levels are above normal. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include excessive thirst, dry mouth, urinary frequency, weight loss, excessive daytime sleepiness.
The most common cause of hyperglycemia is undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes. In people with diabetes, the condition may result from insufficient insulin.
Less frequently, hyperglycemia is the result of infectious and endocrine diseases (acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome). There is a high risk of developing complications from the heart, especially in the cardiovascular system.
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with dysfunction and dysfunction of various organs - eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
proper nutrition for diabetes
In the prevention of diabetes, diet is a very important part of therapy. Maintaining proper blood sugar and lipid levels and optimal blood pressure is essential. A well-chosen diet reduces the risk of developing diabetes complications. And reduces the risk of developing vascular disease. A suitable dietary pattern for diabetes plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes, including microvascular complications, retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others.
Diabetes mellitus intake is one of the main factors affecting diabetes outcomes.
Sugar is essential for life, but in this case it is better to remove the sugar bowl! In diabetes, the metabolism of mainly carbohydrates is impaired. People with diabetes should limit their sugar or carbohydrate intake.
Chinese:
- Monosaccharide - Glucose and fructose are found in fruits and honey;
- Sucrose disaccharide is sugar from a sugar bowl;
- Polysaccharide - flour products, cakes, cookies and bread, potatoes, bananas, noodles, dumplings, pasta, pancakes and more.
carbohydrate for diabetes
Carbohydrates are part of our diet. Their consumption should be 55-60% of the total demand. A lot of carbohydrate depends on the form and structure of origin. Carbohydrate is digested in the gastrointestinal tract and breaks down into simple sugars - main. Glucose form.
Please note that excess carbohydrates cause constant stimulation of beta cells in the pancreas and secrete insulin.
When our sugar level rises, our pancreas secretes insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter cells. Simple sugars, like glucose, quickly enter cells in about an hour. Is transported from
Unfortunately, insulin is a hormone that lasts for several hours and does not like to be "out of work". Thus, elevated insulin levels cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels and carbohydrate appetite. is.
A hungry person opens the refrigerator and starts eating to satisfy this feeling of hunger. The adrenal glands receive information: fluctuations in blood sugar. All these reactions are caused by the adrenal glands secreting adrenaline. It creates a vicious cycle for stress, depression and autonomic neurosis (neurosthenia).
Therefore, it is advisable to reduce your carbohydrate intake to a minimum. In this case, blood sugar level fluctuations and excessive production of hormones insulin and adrenaline do not occur.
Glucose passes through the walls of the digestive system, and enters various organs along the blood, where it converts and becomes a source of energy. In the absence of adequate exercise, the energy requirement is low. As a result, glucose is stored as glycogen in muscles and liver.
When overdose, glycogen is converted to fat, leading to accumulation of fatty liver and excess body fat. The metabolic process of glucose is controlled by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
Carbohydrates, as the main energy content, can only enter the cell with the help of insulin, which distributes simple sugars in the body. However, insulin deficiency, for example, increases blood sugar levels. Causes, followed by severe cellular metabolism. A common deficiency of insulin causes diabetes in children and young people - type I diabetes.
protein in diabetes
Protein should cover 10-15% of energy needs. During the development period a large amount is needed for children, for pregnant women. Most valuable - animal protein lean meat, cheese, eggs and sour. Is found in milk.
Since our body can produce 56 grams of sugar per 100 grams of protein, it is also important to limit protein intake. In order not to harm the body, you need high quality protein (yolks, beef meat)Sources of vegetable protein are needed to eat - dark bread made from soybeans, legumes, whole flour.
Diet for diabetes mellitus and
Diet for diabetes mellitus, the first stage of treatment should include foods such as egg yolk, butter, sour cream, milk, and uncooked vegetables.
At this time, reduce or eliminate significantly from the diet: egg whites, lean meats, fish, poultry and nuts.
People with diabetes should not eat protein-rich food or food in the evening. At night, the body is unable to use it. Since the pancreas does not release enough insulin, blood sugar levels rise in the morning. In this case, a dinner consisting mainly of carbohydrates and fats is recommended.
Fats have the most energy. They can cover only 30% of daily energy consumption. In excess, they contribute to the development of obesity.
Spices like cinnamon, garlic, cloves, turmeric, and bay leaf lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
Can diabetics eat fruits and vegetables? Yes, because they are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. Fresh vegetables including broccoli are ideal for diabetics as a great source of chromium. An onion that can serve to release insulin. Potatoes (boiled on the skin)Potatoes raise blood sugar very quickly), asparagus, raw carrots, fresh cucumbers, sauerkraut, budberry leaf and stem tea, and garlic.
Vegetables you can eat without significant restrictions:
- tomatoes;
- fresh and spicy cucumbers;
- raw and sauerkraut;
- Chicory;
- kohlrabi;
- radish;
- palpica;
- lettuce
- mushrooms;
- zucchini.
An excellent anti-diabetic agent - Fresh blueberry leaves, which are harvested before the fruit ripens. Blueberries may prevent diabetic retinopathy - studies have shown significant improvement in vision in people suffering from eye diseases during diabetes. This disease causes a change in the fundus, which significantly affects the blood flow to the eye.
Overweight (BMI over 25) diabetics are advised to limit their calorie intake to lose weight.
food glycemic index
Blood sugar is affected not only by the amount of carbohydrates, but also by their type. Therefore, it is necessary to control the quantity and quality of carbohydrates in the diet, but it is also desirable to calculate the glycemic index of the product.
Low GI foods are slow to digest and absorb, do not raise blood sugar quickly, and do not stimulate insulin secretion. A low GI diet reduces the risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes. .
The higher the GI value of a food, the higher the blood sugar level after consuming that meal. Foods with a high GI boost like blood sugar. Slow after eating GI foods. - Slow absorption and gradual increase and decrease in blood sugar helps in controlling blood sugar in diabetics. It is best to eat foods with less than 60 GI.
The GI of foods is significantly lower in their natural form, that is, raw and unprocessed.
Diabetics are also advised to abstain from alcohol.